第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1.The union representative put across her argument
very effectively.
A explained B invented
C considered D accepted
2. He talks tough but has a tender heart.
A heavy B strong
C kind D wild
3. It is no use debating the relative merits of
this policy.
A making B taking
C discussing D expecting
4. Our statistics show that we consume all that
we are capable of producing.
A waste B buy
C use D sell
5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.
A function B ability
C power D volume
6. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.
A tensely B nearly
C carefully D closely
7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.
A supported B excited
C inspired D directed
8. The book provides a concise analysis of the
country’s history.
A clean B perfect
C real D brief
9. It is laid down in the regulations that all
members must carry their membership cards at all times.
A suggested B warned
C stated D confirmed
10. The council meeting terminated at 2 o’clock.
A began B continued
C ended D resumed
11. Red flag was placed there as a token of danger.
A sign B substitute
C proof D target
12. However bad the situation is, the majority
is unwilling to risk change.
A reluctant B eager
C pleased D angry
13. It has been said that the Acts provided a
new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an
old one.
A limit B control
C replace D offset
14. The secretary is expected to explore ideas
for post-war reconstruction of the area.
A deny B investigate
C stress D create
15. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront
has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.
A gradually B suddenly
C excessively D exceptionally
第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
A Dolphin and an Astronomer
One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous
astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer
was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins
communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of
one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent
creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and
had turned on his back.
The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the
astronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting.
Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water
and made a sound just like the word “more”. The astonished astronomer
went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.
‘Oh, yes. That’s one of the words he knows,’ the director said,
showing no surprise at all.
Dolphins have bigger brain in proportion to their body size than
humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can
make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have
different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound
travels much faster and much further in water than it does in
air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are
much better developed in dolphin than in humans. But can it be
said that dolphins have a ‘language’, in the real sense of the
word? Scientists don’t agree on this.
A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words.
A language has a structure and what we call a grammar. The structure
and grammar of a language help to give it meaning. For example,
the two questions “Who loves Mary?” and “Who does Mary love?”
mean very different things. If you stop to think about it, you
will see that this difference doesn’t come from the words in the
question but from the difference in structure. That is why the
question “Can dolphins speak?” can’t be answered until we find
out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in
a grammatical order which affects their meaning.
16 The astronomer was not interested in the way
dolphins communicate with each other.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan
was too near the water.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 Parts of the dolphin’s brain are particularly
well developed to handle different kinds of sound.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Dolphins travel faster in water than any other
animals.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 Some scientists believe that dolphins have
a language of their own.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Sounds can be called a language only when they
have a structure and a grammar.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 （第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Weight Experiment
Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments
in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lost weight. Being
locked in a small room called a ‘calorimeter’（热量测量室)is one way
to find out.
1 The sighs above the two rooms read simply “Chamber One” and
“Chamber Two”. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled
rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science.
Outside these rooms another sign reads “Please do not enter- work
in progress” and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers
every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the
last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter
to the resident volunteer.
2 Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past
eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter.
Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought
the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme.
A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the
experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers
at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of
diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.
3 The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a
fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was
repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter
at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything
she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted
too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular
intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry
she felt and samples were taken for analysis.
4 The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the
long days they face in the room. “The first time, I only took
one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest
of the time,” says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise
bike. She pedaled () for half an hour, watched by researchers
to make sure she didn’t go too fast.
5 It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others
satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat
diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they
may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers
are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers
are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.
23 Paragraph 1____________
24 Paragraph 1____________
25 Paragraph 1____________
26 Paragraph 1____________
27 The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything___________.
28 Nicola Walters had time for the experiments________________.
29 Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter____________.
30 The experiments show that high-fat diets_____________.
A the volunteers doB because she does not have
a weight problemC because the life there can be very boringD make
people overeatE because she was her own bossF after passing a
high-protein test
第4部分：阅读理解（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 “Salty” Rice Plant Boosts Harvests
British scientists are breeding a new generation
of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt
water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive
once more.
Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University’s School of Biological
Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such
as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by
the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to
establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions.
The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with
rice.
It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of
agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and
stunts (妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several factors.
In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally
formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean,
a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing
sea water to seep (渗透) in. in Latin America, irrigation often
causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving
salt deposits behind.
Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning
normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop
them drawing up the water they need to survive.
To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice
plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb
in cells that do not affect the plants’ growth. They have started
to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will
take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready
to be considered for commercial use.
Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers
and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners
of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will
then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the
poorer countries of the world.
31 Which of the following statements about Flowers
and Yeo is true?
A They are students at Sussex University.
B They are rice breeders.
C They are husband and wife
D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.
32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme
A to find ways to prevent water pollution.
B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.
C to breed rice plants that taste salty.
D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.
33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as
a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?
A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.
B The water table has gone down after droughts.
C Sea level has been continuously rising.
D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.
34 The word “affect” in Paragraph 6 could be best
replaced by
A “influence”
B “effect”
C “stop”
D “present”
35 The attitude of the author towards the research
project is
A positive
B negative.
C suspicious
D indifferent.
第二篇 Living with Computer
After too long on the Net, even a phone call can
be a shock. My boyfriend’s Liverpudian accent suddenly becomes
hard to understand after the clarity of his words on screen; a
secretary’s tone seems more rejecting than I’d imagined it would
be. Time itself becomes fluid – hours become minutes, and alternately
seconds stretch into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week,
are now just two ordinary days.
For the last three years, since I stopped working as a producer
for Charlie Rose, I have done much of my work as a tele-commuter
(远程交谈者). I submit articles and edit them via E-mail and communicate
with colleagues on Internet mailing lists. My boyfriends lives
in England, so much of our relationship is computer-mediated.
If I desired, I could stay inside for weeks without wanting anything.
I can order food, and manage my money, love and work. In fact,
at times I have spent as long as three weeks alone at home, going
out only to get mail and buy newspapers and groceries. I watched
most of the blizzard (暴风雪)of ’96 on TV.
But after a while, life itself begins to feel unreal. I start
to feel as though I’ve merged with my machines, taking data in,
spitting them back out, just another node (节点) on the Net. Others
on line report the same symptoms. We start to strongly dislike
the outside forms of socializing. It’s like attending an A.A.
meeting in a bar with everyone holding a half-sipped drink. We
have become the Net opponents’ worst nightmare.
What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer,
not worrying about hair, and clothes and face, has become an avoidance,
a lack of discipline. And once you start replacing real human
contact with cyber-interaction (网上交流), coming back out of the
cave can be quite difficult.
At times, I turn on the television and just leave it to chatter
in the background, something that I’d never done previously. The
voices of the programs soothe (安慰) me, but then I’m jarred (使感不快)by
the commercials. I find myself sucked in by soap operas, or compulsively
(强制性地) needing to keep up with the latest news and the weather.
“Dateline,” “Frontline,” “Nightline,” CNN, every possible angle
of every story over and over and over, even when they are of no
possible use to me. Work movers from foreground to background.
36 Compared with the clear words of her boyfriend
on screen, his accent is
A obscure.
B distinct.
C unreal.
D misleading.
37 The passage implies that the writer and her
boyfriend live in
A England.
B different countries.
C the same city.
D the same country.
38 Living alone in a house, the writer seems to
A have totally forgotten her work.
B be afraid of her neighbors.
C get some comfort from TV programs.
D have gone crazy.
39 We learn from the passage that the writer
A is fed up with the Net opponents.
B prefers people to the computer.
C is addicted to the computer.
D does not like human contact.
40 The phrase “coming back out of the cave” in
the fifth paragraph means
A “coming back home”.
B “giving up the present job”.
C “living a luxurious life”.
D “restoring real human contact”.
第三篇 The Body Clock
Why is it that flying to New York from London
will leave you feeling less tired than flying to London from New
York? The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able
to keep up with technology.
Deep inside the brain there is a ‘clock’ that governs every aspect
of the body’s functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness,
performance, mood, hormone levels, digestion, body temperature
and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis
and is called the biological clock.
The body clock programmes us to be sleepy twice a day, between
3-5 am and again between 3-5 pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all
cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness in the
afternoon.
One of the major causes of the travellers’ malady known as jet
lag is the non-alignment of a person’s internal body clock with
clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses
the biological clock, which then has to adjust to the new time
and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex,
not all internal body functions adjust at the same rate. So your
sleep/wake may adjust to a new time zone at one rate, while your
temperature adjusts at a different pace. Your digestion may be
on a different schedule altogether.
Though we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body
clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to
our biological programming to ‘shrink’ our day.
That is why traveling in a westward direction is more body-clock
friendly than flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed
that westward travel was associated with significantly better
sleep quantity and quality than eastward flights.
When flying west, you are ‘extending your day, thus traveling
in the natural direction of your internal clock. Flying eastward
will involve ‘shrinking’ or reducing your day and is in direct
opposition to your internal clock’s natural tendency.
One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep
becomes disrupted. There are many reasons for this: changing time
zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying
to sleep when your body clock is programmed to be awake, disruption
of the internal biological clock and working longer hours.
It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you
board a plane, supposedly to try to help you adjust to your destination’s
schedule as soon as you arrive. But it can take the body clock
several days to several weeks to fully adjust to a new time zone.
So, our body clock truly can ‘govern’ us.
41 The role of the body clock is to
A enable us to sleep 6 hours a day.
B help us adapt to a 24-hour cycle.
C regulate the body’s functions.
D interfere with the body’s functions.
42 The word “malady” in Paragraph 4 is closest
in meaning to
A “condition”.
B “discomfort”.
C “injury”.
D “excitement”.
43 Flying in a westward direction will
A help you sleep better.
B increase the degree of jet lag.
C shrink your day.
D make you overeat.
44 Which of the following in NOT mentioned as
a reason for the disrupted sleep of travelers?
A Crossing different time zones.
B Changing light and activity levels.
C Working longer hours.
D Watching out of the plane for a long time.
45 It can be seen from the last two paragraphs
that
A you can control your own body clock.
B it is not difficult to adjust to a new time zone.
C adjusting your watch can help you a avoid jet lag.
D there isn’t much you can do to avoid jet lag.
第5部分：补全短文（第46—50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Ruining the Ruins
Acid rain (酸雨)is now a familiar problem in the
industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases are produced
by power stations and cars. They dissolve in rainwater and this
makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams.
Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks. And buildings
made of soft rock, such as limestone (石灰石), are particularly badly
affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and
statues are eroded (受腐蚀) more quickly.
__________(46) According to a report in the New Scientist, acid
rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins in Mexico.
The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum
and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites
are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250
BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of Mayan civilization
are visited by thousands of tourists every year.
But those ruins are in danger of being seriously damaged by pollution.
At many sites the stone has been covered with a layer of black
substance. ________________(47).
Scientists estimate that about one millimeter of stone is worn
away every twelve years. ________________(48) The acid rain is
said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico.
Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions
make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and
effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved
and the rate of erosion reduced. ____________ (49).
Mexico’s current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The
country has rich oil fields and a few years ago, when oil was
expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA
and earning a lot of money. __________ (50) However, the price
of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums
of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back
the loans. So unless the price of oil rises, it is unlikely that
Mexico will be able to afford to clean up the pollution and save
its Mayan ruins from destruction.
A At others the painted surfaces inside temples
are lifting and flaking off () and the stone is being eaten away.
B That is enough to have caused some of the ancient
carvings to become seriously damaged already.
C These measures would reduce the pollution, but
would not stop it completely.
D The government was therefore able to borrow
huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they
would have no problem repaying their debts.
E The problem, however, is not just a European
one.
F However, the Mexican government does not have
enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it
has on the Mexican people.
第6部分：完形填空 （第51—65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Science and Truth
“FINAGLE”() is not a word that most people associate
with science. One reason is that the image of the scientist is
of one who always __________ (51) data in an impartial () search
for truth. In any debate- ___________ (52)intelligence, schooling,
energy – the phrase “science says” usually disarms opposition.
But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a “finagle
factor” – a tendency by many scientists to give a helpful change
to the data to __________ (53) desired results. The latest of
the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould, a Harvard
biologist, who has ___________ (54) the important 19th century
work of Dr. Samuel George Morton. Morton was famous in his time
for analyzing the brain ____________ (55) of the skulls as a measure
of intelligence. He concluded that whites had the largest brains,
that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller, and _______
(56), that whites constitute a superior race.
Gould went back to Morton’s original data and concluded that the
____________ (57) were an example of the finagle at work. He found
that Morton’s “discovery” was made by leaving out embarrassing
data, ___________ (58) incorrect procedures, and changing his
criteria – again, always in favour of his argument. Morton has
been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe
that brain size reflects __________ (59).
But Gould went on to say Morton’s story is only an example of
a common problem in ____________(60) work. Some of the leading
figures in science are ________________ (61) to have used the
finagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out () to
support at least three central statements that he could not prove.
And so _____________ (62)Laudius Ptolemy, the Greek astronomer,
whose master work, Almagest, summed up the case for a solar system
that had the earth as its center. Recent _____________ (63) indicate
that Ptolemy either faked some key data or resorted heavily to
the finagle factor.
All this is important because the finagle factor is still at work.
For example, in the artificial sweetener controversy, for example,
it is ________ (64) that all the studies sponsored by the sugar
industry find that the artificial sweetener is unsafe, ________
(65) all the studies sponsored by the diet food industry find
nothing wrong with it.
51 A collects B invents C misuses D enables
52 A of B over C in D with
53 A convey B destroy C modify D acquire
54 A created B written C examined D produced
55 A size B shape C tissue D cell
56 A however B then C though D therefore
57 A results B experiments C ideas D suggestions
58 A planning B making C using D searching
59 A creativity B reliability C intelligence D originality
60 A unusual B mental C scientific D manual
61 A taught B believed C tried D allowed
62 A was B had C could D did
63 A studies B events C developments D decisions
64 A feared B said C suggested D expected
65 A if B while C because D although
2003年职称外语等级考试
英语.理工类（A级）答案
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D
6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C
11. A 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. A
16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. C
21. A 22. A 23. C 24. F 25. B
26. E 27. A 28. E 29. C 30. D
31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. A
36. A 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. D
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. D
46. E 47. A 48. B 49. F 50. D
51. A 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. A
56. D 57. A 58. C 59. C 60. C
61. B 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. B
